实验目的：
1、掌握VTP透明模式配置。
2、掌握VTP修剪配置。
3、理解VTP透明模式和修剪的功能和原理。
实验拓扑：
实验步骤：
1.依据图中拓扑部署VTP技术，其中SW1为Server，SW2和SW3为Client，SW3模拟新加入的交换机，要求SW3作为Client端，将其传递到全网，配置如下：
SW1上配置
SW1#vlan database
SW1(vlan)#vtp domain PingingLab
SW1(vlan)#vtp password Cisco
SW1(vlan)#vlan 10
VLAN 10 added:
Name: VLAN0010
SW1(vlan)#vlan 20
VLAN 20 added:
Name: VLAN0020
SW1(vlan)#vlan 30
VLAN 30 added:
Name: VLAN0030
SW1(vlan)#exit
SW2上配置
SW2#vlan database SW2(vlan)#vtp client SW2(vlan)#vtp domain PingingLab SW2(vlan)#vtp password Cisco SW2(vlan)#exit
查看VTP信息，如下：
SW1#show vtp status VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 1 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256 Number of existing VLANs : 8 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : PingingLab VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0x3A 0xC2 0xE5 0x34 0x25 0xB3 0xA0 0x79 Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:06:25 Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
由于版本号低的会向版本号高的同步VLAN信息，所以，SW2上：
SW2#show vlan-switch brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
Fa0/14, Fa0/15
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
30 VLAN0030 active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
2、SW3模拟新加入的交换机，为了使得其他交换机学习本地信息，需要保证本地的版本号够高，配置如下：
①先将本地接口关闭
SW3(config)#int range f0/1 - 2 SW3(config-if-range)#sh SW3(config-if-range)#exit
②将SW3定义为Server模式，以便修改VLAN信息，增加版本号
SW3#vlan database SW3(vlan)#vtp domain PingingLab SW3(vlan)#vtp password Cisco SW3(vlan)#exit
③在SW3上不断修改VLAN信息，并查看版本号
SW3#vlan database
SW3(vlan)#vlan 100
VLAN 100 added:
Name: VLAN0100
SW3(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
SW3#vlan database
SW3(vlan)#vlan 200
VLAN 200 added:
Name: VLAN0200
SW3(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
SW3#vlan database
SW3(vlan)#vlan 300
VLAN 300 added:
Name: VLAN0300
SW3(vlan)#exit
VLAN database配置模式，每次进和出使得版本号加1，此时查看SW3上VTP信息，如下：
SW3#show vtp status VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 3 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256 Number of existing VLANs : 8 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : PingingLab VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0x23 0x77 0x67 0x40 0x6E 0x68 0xA7 0xD5 Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:20:20 Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
为保证版本号够大，可以不断进入database里面，创建和删除VLAN，如下：
SW3#vlan database
SW3(vlan)#vlan 400
VLAN 400 added:
Name: VLAN0400
SW3(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
SW3#vlan da
SW3#vlan database
SW3(vlan)#no vlan 400
Deleting VLAN 400...
SW3(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
再次查看SW3的VTP信息：
SW3#show vtp status VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 5 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256 Number of existing VLANs : 8 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : PingingLab VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0xEC 0xC8 0x36 0x9C 0x46 0xD5 0x5E 0x1C Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:24:11 Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
④此时将SW3从Server模式切换到Client模式，并打开本地接口
SW3#vlan database SW3(vlan)#vtp client Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode. SW3(vlan)#exit SW3(config)#int range f0/1 - 2 SW3(config-if-range)#no sh SW3(config-if-range)#exit
⑤当打开接口后，相当于新加入一台Client，但此Client的版本号比全局其他交换机都高，此时交换机之间会通过汇总通告、通告请求和子集通告等信息进行VTP同步，再次查看SW1和SW2的VTP信息，如下：
SW1上
SW1#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 5
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256
Number of existing VLANs : 8
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : PingingLab
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xEC 0xC8 0x36 0x9C 0x46 0xD5 0x5E 0x1C
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:24:11
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW1#show vlan-switch brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
Fa0/14, Fa0/15
100 VLAN0100 active
200 VLAN0200 active
300 VLAN0300 active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
SW2上：
SW2#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 3
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256
Number of existing VLANs : 8
VTP Operating Mode : Client
VTP Domain Name : PingingLab
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x4A 0x3B 0xC6 0xB7 0x07 0xA4 0xCD 0x5D
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:11:20
SW2#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 5
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256
Number of existing VLANs : 8
VTP Operating Mode : Client
VTP Domain Name : PingingLab
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xEC 0xC8 0x36 0x9C 0x46 0xD5 0x5E 0x1C
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:24:11
SW2#show vl
SW2#show vlan-s
SW2#show vlan-switch bri
SW2#show vlan-switch brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
Fa0/14, Fa0/15
100 VLAN0100 active
200 VLAN0200 active
300 VLAN0300 active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
从上面结果可以看出，VTP信息会向版本号最高的同步，而不管是Server还是Client模式，这样的话，对于新加入的交换机就有必要将其版本号减低，否则，一旦原网络的VLAN信息被“冲洗”，则整个网络会进入瘫痪状态！
3、将SW3部署为透明模式<Transparent mode>，并观察其VTP信息，如下：
SW3#vlan database SW3(vlan)#vtp transparent SW3(vlan)#exit SW3#show vtp status VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 0 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256 Number of existing VLANs : 8 VTP Operating Mode : Transparent VTP Domain Name : PingingLab VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0xEC 0xC8 0x36 0x9C 0x46 0xD5 0x5E 0x1C Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:24:11
可以看到，当VTP为透明模式时，配置版本号自动归零，在整个网络中“话语权”最小，此时就无法对网络造成影响。一般网络新添加交换机之前，都强烈建议先部署为透明模式，后接入网络。
4、部署VTP修剪，修剪不必要的流量，优化网络，如下：
SW1(vlan)#vtp pruning Pruning switched ON SW1(vlan)#exit
查看VTP信息
SW1#show vtp status VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 6 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256 Number of existing VLANs : 8 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : PingingLab VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0xBA 0xC7 0x3B 0x68 0x79 0x55 0x8C 0x73 Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:42:25 Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
可以看到，此时VTP修剪模式从disable切换成enabled状态；VTP修剪只需要在Server端部署，查看SW2的VTP信息，如下：
SW2#show vtp status VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 6 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256 Number of existing VLANs : 8 VTP Operating Mode : Client VTP Domain Name : PingingLab VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0xBA 0xC7 0x3B 0x68 0x79 0x55 0x8C 0x73 Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:42:25
此时，VTP客户端也开启修剪。此实验完成。
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